The 25 UK jobs least exposed to AI

These are the 25 occupations with the lowest AI exposure scores among the 100 large UK occupations in our index. Low exposure means the abilities the job relies on overlap least with what current AI applications can do. It does not guarantee a job is safe from all change.

#	Occupation	AI exposure	Index rank	Median FT pay (2020)	Employee jobs
1	Cleaners and domestics	2/100 (Very low)	#100 of 100	£17,899	508,000
2	Packers, bottlers, canners and fillers	4/100 (Very low)	#99 of 100	£20,257	94,000
3	Elementary process plant occupations n.e.c.	5/100 (Very low)	#98 of 100	£22,385	88,000
4	Large goods vehicle drivers	8/100 (Very low)	#97 of 100	£30,820	200,000
5	Bar staff	10/100 (Very low)	#96 of 100	£18,144	107,000
6	Construction operatives n.e.c.	10/100 (Very low)	#94 of 100	£26,418	86,000
7	Carpenters and joiners	10/100 (Very low)	#95 of 100	£28,473	75,000
8	Van drivers	13/100 (Very low)	#93 of 100	£22,654	258,000
9	Metal working production and maintenance fitters	14/100 (Very low)	#92 of 100	£32,934	293,000
10	Vehicle technicians, mechanics and electricians	18/100 (Very low)	#91 of 100	£29,125	126,000
11	Kitchen and catering assistants	21/100 (Low)	#90 of 100	£17,356	439,000
12	Food, drink and tobacco process operatives	21/100 (Low)	#89 of 100	£21,714	140,000
13	Fire service officers (watch manager and below)	22/100 (Low)	#88 of 100	£35,885	69,000
14	Assemblers and routine operatives n.e.c.	23/100 (Low)	#87 of 100	£22,296	91,000
15	Electrical and electronic trades n.e.c.	27/100 (Low)	#86 of 100	£34,941	115,000
16	Nursing auxiliaries and assistants	27/100 (Low)	#85 of 100	£21,514	391,000
17	Police officers (sergeant and below)	30/100 (Low)	#84 of 100	£41,641	221,000
18	Elementary storage occupations	32/100 (Low)	#83 of 100	£22,236	462,000
19	Waiters and waitresses	32/100 (Low)	#82 of 100	£17,425	155,000
20	Electricians and electrical fitters	33/100 (Low)	#81 of 100	£33,657	134,000
21	Bus and coach drivers	34/100 (Low)	#80 of 100	£27,015	99,000
22	Stock control clerks and assistants	35/100 (Low)	#79 of 100	£23,895	73,000
23	Sales and retail assistants	38/100 (Low)	#78 of 100	£18,973	1,048,000
24	Caretakers	39/100 (Low)	#77 of 100	£22,034	70,000
25	Chefs	40/100 (Medium)	#76 of 100	£22,851	178,000

How this ranking was made

Sorted by the Department for Education (2023) AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE, all AI applications) score, lowest first. Covers the 100 SOC 2010 occupations in the UK AI Job-Risk Index (the largest by ONS ASHE 2020 employee jobs).

Index rank: 1 = most exposed of the 100 occupations. Exposure measures how much a job's abilities overlap with current AI applications; it is not a forecast of job losses. Sources: Department for Education (2023), The impact of AI on UK jobs and training; ONS Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings 2020, Table 14. Full methodology · Compare jobs

More rankings: The 25 UK jobs most exposed to AI · Lower AI-exposure UK jobs that don’t usually need a degree · The best-paid UK jobs with below-average AI exposure